distinguish between-fo operations

1.    Distinguish between Guest Ledger & City Ledger

	Guest Ledger	City Ledger
1	Refers to the set of guest accounts that correspond to registered guests or guests who have sent advance deposits.	Refers to the set of non guest accounts. For eg., if a guest account is not settled in full on check out the balance is transferred to the accounting division for collection.
2	Corresponds to registered or guests reserved for future	May or may not account to registered guests
3	Records all financial transactions of a guest.	Contains Credit card payment accounts, Company accounts, direct billing accounts, accounts of guests stayed earlier due for collection.
4	Also referred to transient ledger, front office ledger or rooms ledger.	It is also called Non guest ledger.
5	Maintained at front office	Maintained by accounting division (back office

2.    Distinguish between Guest Account & Non guest Account

	Guest Account	Non Guest Account
1	Record of all financial transactions that occur between the guest and the hotel when they guarantee a reservation or they are registered at the Front Office	Refers to all in house charged privileges extended to local businesses or agencies for eg. Banquets & conferencing facilities. These are also created when a former guest fails to settled his bill at the time of departure & the onus to retrieving the balance amount shifts from Front Office to Accounts Dept.
2	These are compiled on a daily basis.	Billed on a monthly basis.
3	Front Office is responsible for its maintenance	Bank office or Accounts Dept takes toe responsibility of account settlement.

3.    Distinguish between Voucher & Folio

	Voucher	Folio
1	It gives details of a single transaction to be posted at the Front Office. For Eg. A florist or a gift shop might not have provision of posting a particular transaction into a registered guest account. They can send use voucher to notify the FO of guest charge privileges that need posting.	Refers to the statement of all transactions (debits & credits) affecting the balance of a single account. This may include all non guest or guest accounts.
2	It gives all the information about the transaction gathered at the source of transaction.	This gives details of all the transactions under a particular account. All transactions that increase or decrease the balance.
3	It can be safely said that the voucher accounts for a single posting.	Whereas a folio lists out all the postings in an account.
4	Types of Vouchers are cash vouchers, charge vouchers, transfer vouchers, allowance vouchers & paid-out vouchers.	Some of the types of Folios are Guest folios, Master folios, Non-guest or Semi Permanent Folios, Employee Folios, Room folios & Incidental folios.

4.    Distinguish between Account Correction & Account Allowance

	Account Correction	Account Allowance
1	This is used to resolve a posting error on a folio.	This is used to decrease in a folio balance for purposes such as compensation for poor services or rebates for coupon discounts.
2	This is utilized to resolve an error that is detected before the night audit.	This is made when an error is detected after the night audit
3	This may or may not require managerial approval.	This requires managerial consent and should be properly documented.

5.    Distinguish between Cash Bank & Net Cash Receipts

	Cash Bank	Net Cash Receipts
1	It is an amount of cash assigned to cashier so that he can handle the various cash transactions in shift.	These are the amount of cash, cheques & other negotiable items in the cashiers’s drawer minus the initial cash bank plus advances.

6.    Distinguish between Cash Advance & Due Back

	Cash Advance	Due Back
1	It is an amount of cash paid by the cashier on behalf of the guest for some expense such as taxi fare etc.	A Due Back occurs when a cashier pays out more than he or she receives. This can happen when a cashier accepts many checks and large bills during a shift.

7.    Distinguish between Floor Limit & House Limit

	Floor Limit	House Limit
1	A floor limit is the maximum amount in the credit card charges the hotel can accept without requesting special authorization from the credit card company on behalf of a credit card holder	A House limit on the other hand a property’s internal limitations established by the front office. This is the maximum limit on the amount, which the guests can charge to their accounts without partial settlement.

8.    Distinguish between Upselling & Upgrading

	Upselling	Upgrading
1	Upselling refers to the efforts of reservations & the front desk agents to be able to sell a higher priced room to a guest who might have come with a concept of hiring a comparatively lower category room.	Upgrading on the other hand refers to moving a reservation or in house guest to a better accommodation or a class of service owing to his status / prestige or in a bid to make up for any error made by the hotel.
2	Upselling leads to revenue generation for the hotel.	There is no revenue generation for the hotel on upgradation.
3	Upselling requires skills like salesmanship & good communications	Upgrading doesn’t require such skills